The good news is that many pilots do return to the cockpit after numerous heart-related issues. Each year, the FAA recertifies more than 3,000 private pilots who’ve had a heart attack, for example, and more than 2,300 whose coronary arteries have been cleared by angioplasty.

But it takes intelligent planning, initiative, optimism and hard work to regain the FAA’s blessing.

There are two courses of action after a certification denial. One is to apply for a special issuance certificate. This means undergoing numerous medical tests to prove that, despite coronary ills, you wouldn’t endanger public safety while flying an aircraft. A special issuance typically is valid for just six to 12 months and other flight restrictions may apply.

The second course is to disprove the diagnosis for which you were disqualified.

In either case, to re-apply for certification after a denial, you must wait until six months after the cardiac event. This gives your heart time to heal and reduces the likelihood of complications following treatment.

Private pilots are finding it easier now than ever to get or maintain discretionary medical certification. New treatments and medical advances enable aviators to perform well regardless of disease, according to Stanley Mohler, MD, director of aerospace medicine at Wright State University School of Medicine.

Moreover, aviation medical examiners have considerable leeway to issue a medical certificate in cases of sub-par health as long as you provide the appropriate documentation.

The road back to flying after cardiac problems can be long and arduous, if only because the FAA wants to see detailed evidence of recovery. The FAA’s Aeromedical Certification Division requires:

• A hospital admission summary (history and physical), coronary catheterization and surgical reports, and a discharge summary about your heart attack, angina, bypass operation or angioplasty.

• A current cardiovascular evaluation covering everything from medications, functional capacity and risk factors that can be modified (such as poor diet, lack of exercise and smoking) to a blood lipid profile.

• A treadmill stress test that demonstrates you’ve regained 100 percent of maximal predicted heart rate.

Cardiovascular rehabilitation is essential in many cases if you hope to achieve the minimum functional capacity to fly again, according to Jeffrey Dwyer of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program at Kaiser Permanente Medical Center.

Kaiser’s rehab program for pilots launches them on a safe and effective exercise program, measures the outcome of that effort, documents tolerance to heart medications acceptable to the FAA, and prepares them for a passing score on the treadmill stress test.

Other commercial outfits, such as Virtual Flight Surgeons, www.aviationmedicine.com, handle the red tape for you. They review and assemble medical records, offer advice on reporting requirements, provide checklists and FAA forms, and communicate with the FAA and advocate on your behalf.